Year: 20xx Language: english Author: GIIGNL Format: PDF Quality: eBook Pages count: 69 Description: Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is simply natural gas which has been reduced to a liquid state by cooling it to minus 162°C. The transformation to a liquid is accompanied by a volume reduction of approximately 600 to one (if the gas is initially around 15°C). Once loaded aboard specially designed tankers, LNG is maintained in a liquid state by highly efficient insulation which surrounds the cargo compartment. However, since no insulation system is perfect, a small amount of LNG vaporizes or "boils off", during transit. This boil-off helps to auto-refrigerate the remaining LNG, thus keeping it in its liquid state. Boil-off is also used to supplement bunker oil as fuel for the tankers. Upon arrival at the receiving facility, LNG is transferred into specially designed storage tanks where it is stored as a liquid at near atmospheric pressure and minus 160°C temperature. The LNG remains in storage until it is demanded for re-delivery. At that time it is pumped from the tanks and subjected to both heat and pressure to return it to a gaseous state for transportation by pipeline. The small amount of boil-off that occurs during storage is used as fuel or combined with the facility’s daily send out.
Contents
The seven papers in the series are: - GIIGNL Information Paper N°1 – Basic Properties of LNG - GIIGNL Information Paper N°2 – The LNG Process Chain - GIIGNL Information Paper N°3 – LNG Ships - GIIGNL Information Paper N°4 – Managing LNG Risks – Operational Integrity, Regulations, Codes and Industry Organisations - GIIGNL Information Paper N°5 – Managing LNG Risks – Containment - GIIGNL Information Paper N°6 – Managing LNG Risks – Industry Safeguard Systems - GIIGNL Information Paper N°7 – Questions and Answers (Q&A’s)
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LNG Information Papers (1-7)
Language: english
Author: GIIGNL
Format: PDF
Quality: eBook
Pages count: 69
Description: Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is simply natural gas which has been reduced to a liquid state by cooling it to minus 162°C.
The transformation to a liquid is accompanied by a volume reduction of approximately 600 to one (if the gas is initially around 15°C).
Once loaded aboard specially designed tankers, LNG is maintained in a liquid state by highly efficient insulation which surrounds
the cargo compartment. However, since no insulation system is perfect, a small amount of LNG vaporizes or "boils off", during transit.
This boil-off helps to auto-refrigerate the remaining LNG, thus keeping it in its liquid state. Boil-off is also used to supplement bunker oil as fuel for the tankers.
Upon arrival at the receiving facility, LNG is transferred into specially designed storage tanks where it is stored as a liquid at near atmospheric pressure and minus 160°C temperature. The LNG remains in storage until it is demanded for re-delivery. At that time it is pumped from the tanks and subjected to both heat and pressure to return it to a gaseous state for transportation by pipeline.
The small amount of boil-off that occurs during storage is used as fuel or combined with the facility’s daily send out.
Contents
The seven papers in the series are:- GIIGNL Information Paper N°1 – Basic Properties of LNG
- GIIGNL Information Paper N°2 – The LNG Process Chain
- GIIGNL Information Paper N°3 – LNG Ships
- GIIGNL Information Paper N°4 – Managing LNG Risks – Operational Integrity, Regulations, Codes and Industry Organisations
- GIIGNL Information Paper N°5 – Managing LNG Risks – Containment
- GIIGNL Information Paper N°6 – Managing LNG Risks – Industry Safeguard Systems
- GIIGNL Information Paper N°7 – Questions and Answers (Q&A’s)
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LNG Information Papers 1-7
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