IALA AIDS TO NAVIGATION GUIDE - Torsten KRUUSE [2001, PDF]

Contents

CHAPTER 1 AISM – IALA...............................................................................7
1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................7
1.2 Membership.................................................................................................................8
1.3 IALA Structure.............................................................................................................9
1.3.1 IALA Council .................................................................................................................... 10
1.3.2 General Assembly ........................................................................................................... 11
1.3.3 Committees ..................................................................................................................... 11
1.3.4 IALA Advisory Panels ...................................................................................................... 11
1.3.5 Conferences and Exhibitions ........................................................................................... 12
1.3.6 Workshops and Seminars ............................................................................................... 12
1.4 IALA Publications .....................................................................................................13
1.4.1 Types and Purpose of IALA Publications ........................................................................ 13
CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTS AND ACCURACY OF NAVIGATION...................15
2.1 Navigation .................................................................................................................15
2.1.1 Navigational Methods ...................................................................................................... 15
2.1.2 Accuracy Standards for Navigation ................................................................................. 16
2.1.3 Phases of Navigation....................................................................................................... 18
2.1.4 Measurement Errors and Accuracy ................................................................................. 22
2.1.5 Hydrographic Considerations .......................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER 3 AIDS TO NAVIGATION............................................................30
3.1 Definition of Aids to Navigation ..............................................................................30
3.2 Scope .........................................................................................................................30
3.3 Visual Marks..............................................................................................................30
3.3.1 Types ............................................................................................................................... 30
3.3.2 Visual Aids to Navigation ................................................................................................. 30
3.3.3 Signal Colours ................................................................................................................. 32
3.3.4 Visibility of a Mark ............................................................................................................ 34
3.3.5 Observational Factors...................................................................................................... 35
3.3.6 Range of a Visual Mark ................................................................................................... 36
3.4 Aids to Navigation Lights ........................................................................................39
3.4.1 Light Sources................................................................................................................... 39
3.4.2 Photometry of Marine Aids to Navigation Signal Lights ................................................... 50
3.4.3 Rhythms / Character........................................................................................................ 54
3.4.4 Timing of Astronomical Events ........................................................................................ 63
3.4.5 Night Operations.............................................................................................................. 64
3.4.6 Day Operations ................................................................................................................ 67
3.4.7 Luminous Range Diagram............................................................................................... 68
3.4.8 Using the Luminous Range Diagram............................................................................... 70
3.5 Lighthouses and Beacons.......................................................................................72
3.5.1 Description...................................................................................................................... 72
3.5.2 Performance Criteria for Lighthouses and Beacons........................................................ 73
3.5.3 Technical Considerations ................................................................................................ 74
3.6 Floating Aids to Navigation .....................................................................................74
3.6.1 Description...................................................................................................................... 74